First of all, we as the opposition party opposed that reformation to doom. To look into the definition of reformation by Khan ‘reform in terms of changing established bureaucratic practice, behaviour and structure. While the meaning of doom is to cause to experience, suffer something, unavoidable and unpleasant. Thus, we can conclude that reformation to doom means that changes will lead to disaster or destruction. We strongly disagree with the statement.
From our stand of point, reformation leads to a great amount of benefit. Changes will develop the mind set and attitude of the people through the development programs that are being implemented. In order to reform, we use several strategies consist of restructuring and privatisation. For example, by using Total Quality Management [TQM] and the privatization of TNB. In term of TQM, it can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization. It also can bring to a higher productivity quality of service and quality of work. Through the privatization, it leads to a higher profit and reduce the burden of government.
Other than that, reformation in the system of government such as e-government. This kind of reformation can produce a better system which will simplify government workload. From that, we can see our development administration are developing, reformation are being made. From these, it will bring development to the country indirectly increase the economic, social and political sector as the administration are stable.
To make it easier for you to understand, we give you Singapore as the best example. Although they had achieved their independence later than us, they are able to develop more than us. This is because, if we look into the history of Singapore, numerous of reformation had been done that leads to the development of Singapore. For example, in term of the economy, reformation had been made when Singapore is one of the first countries in South East Asia that open their Free Trade Area to America. From this, it generates the economic growth of Singapore. In the current time, Singapore are one of the develop country in economic, politic and security sector.
As a conclusion, we once again strongly disagree with the statement of reformation to doom. Reformation leads to a better success rather than failure.
Social Obstacles 1)Lack of access to education There are two major factors which limit educational access which is poverty and a rapidly expanding population. We can see in the developing countries that the rapidly expanding populations are beyond the ability of the government to provide enough education opportunities to be equivalent with the number of population of the country. It is also an obstacle for the development of the country when the poverty causes the lack of access to education. The people can’t afford education because of the poverty.
Example: The issue in Africa where most of the children did not receive education due to their poverty. According to research made in 2007, the percentage of illiteracy in Africa is very high. This is because they are not able to receive proper education due to the poverty problems. The lack of access to education in such situation will be the obstacles to the nation in achieving development. The development in Africa hard to be achieve since the people are lacking in term of the education. Without education, there is a lower chance for them to be develop since they don’t have the knowledge requirement. 2)Racism and Discrimination Racism and Discrimination is one of the obstacles that can restrict the process of development. Racist practices hurt their victims, but they also limit the promise of entire societies where they are tolerated. They prevent individuals from realizing their potential and stop them from contributing fully to national progress. Development is comprehensive economy, social, cultural, political process that aims at constantly improving the well being of entire population on the basis of everyone active, free meaningful participation and the fair distribution of the available resources. Racism and other form of discrimination are not only human right violation but also major obstacles to achieve development. As we can see on 21st March 1960, police opened fire and killed 69 people at peaceful demonstration in South Africa against the Apartheid “pass laws”. 21st March has since then served not only to remind the international community of the dire consequences of racism but also to recall our obligation and determination to combat racial discrimination. Example: The issue of HINDRAF that is one of the social obstacles that brings to the instability in racism. Issue of HINDRAF arises when the Indian people f eel was discriminated and they want to stand for their right for justice. HINDRAF is illegal association and they did not recognize by the government in the form of establishment of that association. They doing many things such as strikes that can led to the conflict of races among the country indirectly the races particularly Indian community feel uncomfortable and can bring negative effect also the peaceful of the country had been obstruct.
Economic Obstacles 1)Too much dependence on the developed nations When we too much depends on them (developed nations), if they are facing the recession or the economic problems then our country will also get the effect from the recession. We are not trying to be independence because if there are problems, then we will ask from them to solve the problems together. Suppose us trying to be independence so that we can solve our own problems by our own self in order for our country to develop to be a better country.
Example: The issue is all about the Ringgit depreciates 4.5 percent in value against the American (US) dollar in 2008. This is because the economic in US is weak and the failure of several major investment banks there. The ringgit's depreciation in value against the US dollar was also in line with many other regional currencies that declined by 1.1 percent to 25.7 percent against the dollar. The ringgit also eased against the Singapore dollar by 4.2 percent in 2008. The factor of why ringgit depreciates compared to Singapore and US even their country is facing with the economic problem is because investors will usually avoid investing in emerging economies and will instead invest in developed markets especially during hard economic times. It means that the ringgit is not depreciates drastically because of the economic in US is still stable ,economic fundamentals were still strong and its foreign direct investments high.
2) Economic Instability It was closely related to the economic recession that was happened in all over the world since early June 2008 until now. The effect of the recession is the increase of the price of goods. Apart from that, the companies do not affordable to continue the production since the increase of the price globally. So, as a result, they decide to terminate their workers and will save their budget as well. It can be as an effort to maintain their productivity without a lot of budget. Then, it totally will be as an obstacle to be developed because of lack of labor force. So, it will make other party will look down towards the country itself.
Example: The issue of unemployment exists when the company wants to maintain their productivity. Based on assumption, 4000 Malaysian will be lost their job in this year. It was occurred because of the process of minimizing the number of workers as to imbalance the resources and products. In Mac, 4700 workers in Malaysia will be terminated and at the same time, 2000 workers will face the same problem. It is about 30% from Malaysian level as the whole. This problem not only happen in Malaysia, but Singapore also takes the same action as to save their country as to prevent the obstacles to be developing. They will terminate around 28,000 of Malaysian workers. It is because, without labor force, the productivity was down and the levels of economic also decrease. It was very important to the country because economic can be as an indicator to ensure either the country was develop or not.
State four diffrences with examples between Karl Marx and Ralf Dahrendof.....
1. First differences in the Karl Marx, he stated that the importance to achieve the perfect society.We can see when he said"without conflict, no progress": this is the law which civilization has followed to the present day. It concerned with the conflict among group.Conflict is a normal condition of social life whose nature and variations are some of the most important things to be described and analyzed it by social science. Conflict must inseparable with changed.When exists the conflict it means the achieving of perfect society.As example:computation of national income.His approach remains an important,influential, and viable one in contemporary social,economic and political thought. However, in the Ralf Dahrendof he stated that there is no perfect society.These theorist clearly stated that it still have the conflict but the conflict can stop when the people compromising among each other.When the conflict end there is no perfect society and there is class of society. Examples conflict between workers and manager in unionization process.
2.Second diferrences that we can see in the Karl Marx, he stated that there is means of production.Under the means of production there is Bourgeois and Protetariats.Bourgeois is where is the society have everything such as wealth,capital resources,technology, labor to produce goods and resources.Whereas Protetariats they have nothing seem like Bourgeois, thats why they only work for them.Example we can see on the gap between the rich and poor. However,in the Ralf Dahrendof he stated that people who have power will use their power and authority to conduct other people to done their work.On the other side there is the people that been under the conduct of people that has power. Examples: the relationship between managers and subordinates.
3. Third differences is economic production that been stated by Karl Marx. He stated that economic system is the ultimate source of social behavior and social institution. Also concerned with conflict among groups that have different relationship to the means of production. An economic conflict leads to further social and political conflicts as each group seeks to further its own interests at the expense of other group. Emphasis on conflict and economically based on power and rank. The example: those who are wealth will gain a highest status in society as respected by the member of society, while for those who are poor will be categorized in low or middle class. However, Ralf Dahrendorf stated that is division of Authority. He stated that it was unequal distribution of authority after reject the Marxian idea of social class. Groups in society are seen as divided into who have that authority or who do not. It get into conflict because of division of authority is interested in preserving the status quo (whereas the subordinate group is interested in change. He saw conflict as a problem of unequal authority in all sectors of society in contrast to the strict Marxian notion of classes. Conflict in a given society is not comes from internal contradiction arising in historical development but from pressures to used power by the other societies. The example: those who have a lot of power will have more power and ability to control those who are have less power.
4. the last differences is
CONFLICT and COMPROMISE
Karl Marx In Karl Marx point of view, conflict is a very important element in developing a changes in the social aspect. Karl Marx came up with the theory that without conflict the society would be still. Karl Marx believes that conflict is the developing mechanism that will bring changes in the society. Marx emphasize that in every society whatever its stage of historical development, rest on an economic foundation.
To make it easier for you to understand, we provide the example. In the case that involve Proletariats and Bourgeois. The conflict cause the class struggle in the society in order for them to win the material wealth (economy) whereby the Bourgeois hold more wealth and resources compare to the Poletariats who are not accompanied with those wealth and property. The conflict occur will cause the both parties to compete with one another to gain more wealth and they tried to destroyed the other party in order to take control.According to Marx, the conflict was based on factors of production and there is nothing anyone can do to stop it. Conflict will continously happen between these two groups to win over material wealth.
Ralf Dahrendorf In Dahrendorf case, he agreed with what have been stated by Marx but in contrast conflict to him cannot be wholly referred to the struggle to gain control over the fundamentals of production in the economy. According to Dahrendorf the conflict which originated from the transformed relationship between the well of and the deprived would contribute to the change in the structure of the society. He also deviated from Marx who claimed that ultimately the struggle will end with the victory of the Proletariats. On the contrary, he claimed that conflict within a society is almost unresolved but could be controlled through compromise.
For example, those who are well to do acts as patrons to those who are poor. The poor on the other hand would continue to be deprived until there are able to accumulates abilities and becoming organized to gain legitimacy through struggles with the privileged group.Thus, this conflict would contribute to the change in the structure of societies. Thus, only compromisation will balance the status class and the position in the society.
As I browsed your blog and read and commented on them, I noticed some common pattern of answer, 1) where you have the tendency to simplify your answer that sometimes I couldn’t find any relevancy to point discussed before it; 2) having so much unnecessary facts and details that making readers fell like reading a textbook. Even though a blog entry should be short and simple, you don’t have to discount many of your words and make your argument everywhere. You don’t have to write an essay for that matter, but try to use concise word to articulate your point.
For those who love to back up their answer with all facts and data (as if we really want to know!), you too need to be concise and precise in choosing your words so that your entry doesn’t dazzled me … you know how much I hate to scroll the whole page just to find your main point at the end of your entry!
It is a waste when you come out with such a good point but having discussed it on the surface or lace it with unnecessary ‘ornament’ …
Try to be concise and precise and at the same time keep it short and simple.
On other words … briefly elaborate your point in detail – if you know what I mean.
Tsunami is the one phenomenon that gives much impact to the country. Impact that happened from this phenomenon gave a big influence to the country and society. This phenomenon gave a lot of negative impact whether to the personal or public that related to the society of the country.
Identity of change
1. The victim of the Tsunami
People who affected due to the tragedy. Who lost their asset, and also family members.
Example in Penang there a one family lost their six members of family because of the tragedy. The tragedy have made a huge impact in their life.
2. The place that affected with the Tsunami
Place which affected by the tragedy. It makes their economy down and also many people suffer with illness, lost their home and many more.
Example place like Aceh Indonesia. Almost all of their place had been destroyed by the tragedy, these make their economic situation turn down because all the places had gone. A lot of people in Aceh lost their home and jobs. Their economic also paralyzed.
3. Tourism sector of those country that affected
The tourism sector of some country been affected by the tragedy. This situation have made some of the social structure changed because they need to find another job rather than relying on the tourism sector.
Example people who involve in water sports business in Phuket Thailand. They have to change their business due on the lack of tourist that comes.
Level of Change
It can be said that tsunami had given an impact to every level of society who have become the victim of the tragedy.Every single victim is the people who are affected due to the tragedy. It also can be said that it even effected the people who are not the victim but someone who is connected to the victim such as family and relatives. We believe the tragedy has effected every level of society including the administrator since the economy of the country also had been effected.
Duration of Change
Long: Starting from the date of tsunami, there are a lot of change in affected country like, Thailand, Colombia, Acheh and others. For example, until now, Acheh can not be fully developed although the tragedy was happened last 3 years. The aspect of affected is:
Lifestyle
= the no of death and a lot of people lost family members
= 11% children affected and 13% was displaced in camps
Ecosystem
= village totally destroyed and at the same time the building also destroyed
Economy
= the victims have no sources of income
= totally depends on foreign aid like MERCY, AMAN MALAYSIA and any other agency all over the world
Health
= children was affected by the symptoms and viruses that was brought due to the tragedy
Education
= loss the sources of financial and place to have education
= number of teachers died and those who survived left the island due to pressure from government
Magnitude of Change
Revolutionary – unplanned because of natural disaster
Affected towards society, for example: in Penang, a family was lost 8 children due to the tragedy while having a holiday there. Changes in family institution drastically.
Rate of Change
Continuous = trauma
-victims still have that kind of trauma about sea or other related matter
- then, government and the aid agency provide psychological treatments to cope with the tragic situation as lost the family members, property and their live.
Sources or variables of change
Technology
As we know, no one had notice about tsunami because it was rear to be heard of. After the incident happened on Dec 2004, then the government starts to play their role in order for them to prevent the tsunami from happen again. Therefore, the government had taken the first step that is the use of Buoys for tsunami or had been known as ‘’National Tsunami Warning System’’ to avoid the incident. It had been placed at Andaman Island Water Waste (Perairan Pulau Andaman) to detect any possibility of Tsunami to be happening again. National Tsunami Warning System that belong to the country equivalent with the system of Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) that had been placed at Pacific Ocean to make sure Hawaii Island get the Tsunamis warning. It is to confirm the existence of tsunami generated by undersea earthquakes. These buoys observe and record changes in sea level out in the deep ocean. This enhances the capability for early detection and real time reporting of tsunami before they reach land. Before this, our country does not have the technology to detect the Tsunami, but now we have it to prevent the incident from being happened again.Readiness of plans, methods, procedures and actions taken by government officials and the general public for the purpose of minimizing potential risk and mitigating the effects of future tsunamis. The appropriate preparedness for a warning of impending danger from a tsunami requires knowledge of areas that could be flooded (tsunami inundation maps) and knowledge of the warning system to know when to evacuate and when it is safe to return.
Economy
From the economic perspective, it relates to the damaged of the infrastructure which is:
- Trade sector and facilities
Examples: Market as a place that can developed business process .It give influenced for the smooth business activities.
- Agriculture
Examples: Farm and Land destroyed and give a bad effect whereby loss of resources in producing agriculture product of the country.
According to these factors, indirectly these can lead to the problem in term of investment in that country. The investors become loss of confidence to invest capital in that particular country. They think that country did not have better potential for strong investment growth. Furthermore, it also increases the burden of government in order to spend a lot of fund to improve all part of every sector. It is over the actual estimation that was stated for that country.
As example: Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimated RM2 million Asian people live in poverty which is affected from destruction faced during Tsunami phenomenon. Indonesia is the country that had serious negative effect with had over 106,000 deaths of people. It will see 1,000 000 citizen facing the poverty problem.
